Year: 2015

Definition- AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) is a virus borne communicable disease. This fatal disease is caused by HIV (human immuno deficiency virus). AIDS destroys the immune system of the body, due to which the patient becomes victim of many fatal infectious and systemic problems, which results in death.
AIDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH –
• This disease was first detected in USA in 1986 in Tamil Nadu. At present, there are lacks of HIV infected people in India.
• According to reports, maximum spread of infection of HIV is in Developing countries.
• Many social and health problems like: loss of young human resources, loss of immunity, social disorganization and social boycott etc. are occurring due to AIDS.
• Prostitutes are the main victims and carriers of AIDS.
• This disease is found maximum in sexually active people.
• AIDS affects men and women equally.

AIDS VIRUS- In beginning it was named human T Leukemia VIRUS 3 IN 1986, the international committee of taxonomy of virus has named it human immune deficiency virus.
INCUBATION PERIOD- Some months to 6 years or even more.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION –
 Weight loss.
 Fever for more than one month.
 Diarrhea for more than one month.
 Tumor in the skin.
 Enlargement of lymph glands.
 Continuous cough.
 Itching all over the body.
 Stammering difficulty in speech.
 Uncontrolled behavior.
 Night sweating.
 Repeated attacks of herpes zoster.

DIAGNOSIS TESTS-
 Identify HIV positive people- For this two tests are done: ELISA and western blot test.
 Virus isolation.
 Murex SUD-HIV-1Test.
 Total t-4 cells count.
SPREAD OF TEST-
• Sexual Transmission.
• Transmission by blood.
• Maternal-fetal transmission.

MANAGEMENT OF AIDS-
 To achieve zero level of infection.
 Blood protection.
 Health Education.
 Control of STD disease.
 Safe sexual relations.
 Use disposable syringe.

Definition : It is a chronic mental disorder in which disturbance of multiple high cortical function & characterizd by impairement of memory
It is disorder of brain deterioration involve a gradual loss of intectual ability & normal function
Etiology
1 degeneration brain disorder
Alzheimer disease
Parkinson disease
Huntington disease
2 vascular diseases
Stroke infarction
3 drugs
Bromide
Alcohol
4 brain pathology
Trauma
Viral infection
Chronic meningitis
Sign symptom

Recent memory loss: Difficulty completing familiar tasks – for example, making a drink or cooking a meal,
Problems communicate: difficulty with language by forget simple words or using the wrong ones.
Confusion : with time and place, person,
Problems with abstract thinking: for example, selling with money.
Misplace things: about including put them in the wrong places and forgetting doing this.
Mood changes – distinct those we all have, swinging quickly through a set of moods.
Personality changes – becoming irritable, suspicious or fearful,
Loss of initiative – performance less interest in starting something or going somewhere.

Type
1 Alzheimer dementia : it is most common form of both senile & pre senile dementia that chaterized by tangled clump & disintegration of nerve of cell of frantal & temporal lobe cerebral cortex it lead to memory lpses , confusion & physical mental deterioration
2 vascular dementia: it also known as multiple infraction dementia cause by minor stroke
It onset abrupt & worsens condition the relative area affect like intectual function decrease memory abstracts judgment & impulse control
3 Parkinson disease : it characterization by progressive deterioration of intellectual ability tremor mask like face appearance due to dopamine deficiency
Difference between dementia & delirium
DEMENTIA DELIRIUM
COMMON SIGNS Signs include forgetfulness and confusion disorientation. Signs include apparent quiet, sleepy and confused, or agitated and very distressed. Sleeping disturbed.
WHEN SIGNS APPEAR Slow change in mental state and behavior over months or years. Sudden change in mental state and behavior over hours or days.
THINKING AND ATTENTION They may frequently seem confused. Over time, the person’s thinking will not be reasonable or rational. As the disease worsens, they will not be capable to focus well. They will often not be able to talk with or know others clearly. In some cases, they may see or hear things that others can’t (hallucination). They will not be able to remember events that just happen, and lose memory of events in the past. They may not remember who people are, or where they are. They may not be familiar. They may be confused and unsettled. They may have trouble focusing and talking with others. It is likely that they will not be able to tell a health care supplier about their symptoms. They may see or hear things that other can’t (hallucinations). They may not be able to remember something that just happens.